CHAPTER - III
RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction:
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the research design, the procedures that were followed, the subjects of the study, the instruments that were developed for data collection, and the methods for data analysis.
3.2 Objectives:
The objectives are listed below:
· To know in depth the role of Social Networking Sites in the society.
· To analyze the changing scenario of the world caused by the Social Networking Sites.
· .To highlight the role played by the social networks in bringing a revolution in the history of Egypt and the coverage of newspapers on this issue.
· To create awareness about the uses of Social Networking Sites.
3.3 What is Research?
Research is nothing but knowledge. It is a scientific and systematic search for related and relevant information on particular topics.
The Encarta dictionary lays down the meaning of research as: “Organized study: methodical investigation into a subject in order to discover facts, to establish or revise a theory, or to develop a plan of action based on the facts discovered”.[1]
3. 4 What is Research Methodology?
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. Here, the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them are studied.
3.5 Types of Research:
According to Kothari, 2005 the basic types of research are as follows:
3.5.1 Descriptive vs. analytical research
Descriptive research involves survey and fact-finding enquiries of various kinds.
Analytical research deals with the use of already available facts and information and the researcher analyzes these to make critical evaluation of the material.
3.5.2 Applied vs. fundamental research
Applied research works towards finding a solution for the problems faced by society or an industrial/business organization.
Fundamental research is mainly concerned with the generalization or categorization and with the formulation of a theory.
3.5.3 Quantitative vs. qualitative research
Quantitative research deals with the measurement of quantity or amount. Here the data is expressed in terms of quantity.
Qualitative research works towards finding out the underlying motives and desires through in depth interview.
3.5.4 Conceptual vs. empirical research
Conceptual research deals with the abstract idea(s) or theory. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
Empirical research relies on experience or observation. Through observation a lot is learnt.
3.6 Documentary Research (Content Analysis):
Content analysis is a methodology of a research that is used to study the content of communication that is documented in some form or the other. This chapter outlined the design of the study, the research methodologies selected and the specific procedure is Content analysis which includes Documentary Research. The content analysis, analyzed the content of communication in the Selected Newspapers such as news stories, essay and articles, analysis and editorials.
In this thesis, the researcher has followed the Documentary analysis. Social research is conducted to find an answer to or explanation regarding any social phenomenon. So the work begins with the collection of data related to such social phenomena which is used as the major topic for research. Throughout the data finding the researcher gets into the topic and gains in depth knowledge about the research. Usually social surveys, in-depth interviews and participant observation are the main procedure undertaken in social science research. Through social science research, the researcher tries to find out the facts and figures related to the topic of coverage and this result in a good analysis which will be the final output of research method.
The documentary research method is cost effective compared to social surveys, in-depth interviews or participant observation. The documentary research methods refer to the analysis of documents that contain information about the phenomenon which the researcher wishes to study.
Payne and Payne (2004) describe the documentary method as the techniques used to categorize, investigate, interpret and identify the limitations.[2]
The documentary research in social science is a useful approach that can be adopted by researchers in full confidence. Because when it is social science there are a lot of available documents through which the researcher can find the varied facts and figures about the data. Documents are produced by individuals and groups in the course of their everyday practices and they are referred in their regular needs. Documents are written for different purposes and are used on a daily basis.
There are two types of documents that are used in documentary study, namely primary documents and secondary documents. Primary documents deal with eye-witness accounts produced by people who has experienced the particular event or has been a part of the event. On the other hand secondary documents are documents produced by people who were not present during the course of the event but who received eye-witness accounts to compile the documents, or have read eye-witness accounts.
Documents range from public through private to personal documents. The list of public document sources include government publications such as Acts of Parliament, policy statements, census reports, statistical bulletins, reports of commissions of inquiry, ministerial or departmental annual reports, consultancy reports, etc. Private documents often emanate from civil society organizations such as private sector businesses, trade unions and non-governmental organisations, as well of course from private individuals. They include minutes of meetings, board resolutions, advertisements, invoices, personnel records, training manuals, interdepartmental memos and other annual reports, etc. The list of personal documents include household account books, photo albums, address books, medical records, suicides notes, diaries, personal letters, etc.
3.7 Significance of the Study:
The study tries to explore the role of Social Networking Sites in bringing a revolution in Egypt and the coverage of newspapers on this issue. This study highlights the role of and their contribution in changing the condition of the society. Here the researcher has tried to analyze different news stories and researched articles on this issue and has analyzed the effectiveness of Social Networking Site in the present scenario.
3.8 Method of Study:
Social Networking Sites have been in the lime light, on and off, for the good, bad and ugly reasons. Evidently, much of the studies have gone into online social networking, as compared to other streams of communication. An attempt to study how have Social Networking Sites and services, have been consuming space in human life, especially among young adults has been done to understand the not so obvious reasons for an obvious phenomena. These Social Networking Sites have gained popularity for one simple reason, the ability to share, with others, information about yourself your interests, your hobbies, your thoughts and feelings or anything you choose.
The effectively used medium today has brought about a revolution in Egypt and has proved its strength and uniqueness in bringing the change in the society. Here the researcher has analyzed four English newspapers (Times of India, Deccan Herald, The New Indian Express and The Hindu) write ups and news stories. The main purpose of this analysis is to show how Social Networking Sites have contributed in the social development and its impact on the society especially in Egypt.
3.9 Presentation of the Content Analysis
The data of the content analysis was analysed to identify the three different themes emerging out of it i.e. Positive, Negative, Neutral and Others perspective in the “Selected Newspapers.” The available data was then quantified with numerals in then represented in the graphs such as the pie chart and bar graphs.
3.9.1 Positive
It means that the Selected Newspapers explain the progress of the Egyptian uprising through Social Networking Sites and highlights the role of Social Networking Sites by publishing news stories, essay and articles, analysis and editorials.
3.9.2 Negative
It means that the news article narrates the story by publishing unenthusiastic news stories, essay and articles, analysis and editorials about the Egyptian uprising through Social Networking Sites.
3.9.3 Neutral
It means that the news article has published news stories, essay and articles, analysis and editorials directly in relation to the Egyptian uprising through Social Networking Sites. It speaks about the direct outcome of the event. In other words the news is reported as it is without any opinion.
3.10 Operational Definition:
a) Social Networking:
A social network is a social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.
b) Websites:
A website is a depository of information destined for public or private use, usually residing in a remote server. When a computer terminal calls the website (using the HTTP or HTTPS protocol) the server responds by sending the information requested back to the user.
c) Uprising:
It is the popular revolt or a rebellion against a constituted government and its policies.
d) Revolution:
It is the fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed.
e) Facebook:
It is a social media, a database for social networking. It is used for communicating and staying in touch with people.
f) Twitter:
It is a social media where in which people keep updating about what they do and whereabouts of everything.
g) Mass Media:
Mass media refers collectively to all media technologies, including the Internet, television, newspapers, and radio, which are used for mass communications.
No comments:
Post a Comment